Radium is a naturally occurring silvery-white radioactive metal that can be found in several forms/isotopes. It is formed when uranium and thorium break down in the environment and these substances are found in small amounts in most rocks and soil. Radium undergoes radioactive decay and in the process releases alpha, beta and gamma radiation. It has been used as a radiation source in cancer treatments, radiography of metals, and research. Up until the 1960's, radium was also used as a component of the luminous paints used for watch and clock dials, airplane instrument panels, and military instruments.

How You Are Exposed

Radium is constantly being produced by the radioactive decay of uranium and thorium. It is present in very low levels in rocks and soil and can be found in high concentrations in water in some parts of the country. Uranium mining exposes miners to higher levels of radium and also results in higher levels of radium in water nearby. It may be absorbed by plants from the soil and may also become concentrated in aquatic organisms.

Everyone is exposed to low levels of radium in the air, water and food although higher levels are possible in areas near industries that burn coal or other fuels. It may also be found at higher levels in drinking water from wells. Radium can also be found at radioactive waste disposal sites.

How Can Radium Affect Your Health?

Radium has been found to cause anemia and cataracts, it affects the teeth, and may also stunt one’s growth. Exposure to high levels of radium also results in an increased incidence of bone, liver and breast cancer.