Radon is a naturally occurring radioactive gas that is formed from the radioactive decay of uranium. It is both odorless and tasteless. Uranium is found in small quantities in most rocks and soil where it slowly breaks down to radium, which in turn breaks down to radon. Radon itself goes through further radioactive decay during which alpha, beta, and gamma radiation are released. It enters the environment from the soil, from uranium and phosphate mines, and from coal combustion. It can also move from the soil and enter into groundwater. Historically, radon was used in the treatment of various diseases including cancer, arthritis, diabetes, and ulcers. It is still used to predict earthquakes, in atmospheric research, and in exploration for petroleum and uranium. 

How You Are Exposed

Radon can be found at very low levels in outdoor air but can be concentrated at higher levels in indoor air in homes, schools, and office buildings. Radon can enter a home through cracks in the basement or foundation. Indoor levels depend on the radium and uranium levels in soil, the porosity of the soil, the composition and condition of the building’s foundation, and the ventilation rate of the area. Radon also has the potential to contaminate drinking water through the soil. Miners--especially those who mine uranium and hard rock--can be exposed to high levels of radon.

How Can Radon Affect Your Health?

Exposure to high levels of radon can result in an increased risk for certain lung diseases such as emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis. People exposed to high levels of radon have an increased incidence of lung cancer as well.